Home Gardening Tips In Tamil Pdf – A well-tended, fertile garden is a joy. It can provide you and your family with a variety of nutritious, healthy vegetables that can be enjoyed fresh or preserved for later use. Gardening can also be a rewarding hobby, a project for 4-H members, and a way to improve your physical fitness. While it’s true that we can buy high-quality fresh, frozen or canned vegetables in supermarkets, many of us turn to gardening to supplement our store-bought food.
The location of the garden is very important. Whenever possible, place the garden in full sunlight, close to the house, on good soil and near a water supply.
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Most vegetables need full sunlight for growth and development. Plant leafy vegetables such as broccoli, collards and spinach in areas that are likely to be in partial shade. Do not plant any vegetables in complete shade. Large hedges, hedges and trees not only create too much shade, but they also compete with the garden for moisture and nutrients.
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Place the garden near your house so you can observe it regularly. Being close to your garden will help you notice insect, disease and weed problems and allow you to take necessary control measures before they can cause serious damage. A convenient location will also allow you to spend short periods of free time gardening or harvesting fruit.
When looking for a garden site, remember that the exact type of soil is less important than factors such as high fertility, good internal drainage, easy earthing, good moisture-retaining capacity and deep topsoil. Try to avoid areas infested with johnsongrass, nutgrass and other nuisance weeds; areas with mountain shelves; and areas underlain by a hard pan or hard shale. Soil can be amended with organic matter to improve the area.
You will only get moderate results if you try to grow a garden without watering it as needed. Mulch and organic matter will improve the soil’s moisture-retaining capacity and reduce evaporation loss; however, they will not guarantee an abundant supply of moisture at all times. If possible, place the garden near a good water supply so that it can be watered as often as needed.
While you want to choose vegetables that provide a good supply of vitamins and minerals, be sure to plant vegetables that your family enjoys. The size of your garden and the suitability of certain types of vegetables to your area will limit the crops you choose. Remember that planting large-growing crops such as corn or melons in a small garden will reduce the number of other vegetables you can plant.
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If you plan to can or freeze excess produce, be sure to choose varieties that process well. For information on canning or freezing vegetables, contact your county office by calling 1-800-ASK-UGA1.
Once during the winter, you can make a map of the garden you want to grow. Gather seed catalogs and selection recommendations, then put your garden plan on paper. Include the type of vegetables you will plant, the distances between rows and between plants, the amount of fertilizer to be used and the time of planting.
Plant perennial crops such as asparagus, strawberries or other small fruits on one side so they don’t interfere with each season’s garden preparations. Plant autumn-growing crops on the north side so that they do not shade the other plants.
Arrange the rows according to the planting dates of different crops, so only a narrow strip needs to be prepared for the early plants. The rest of the garden can be arranged as needed. Try to arrange the rows in an east/west orientation to capture as much sunlight as possible.
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Keep your entire garden fully occupied throughout the growing season. In parts of Georgia, it is possible to grow vegetables every month of the year. By pruning (planting a different kind of vegetable between the rows of an earlier maturing one) you can make better use of the available space. Plant late crops (those normally transplanted after the danger of frost has passed) between rows of early peas, lettuce, spinach and the like.
Subsequent plantings of the season’s crops can be done so that these vegetables will be available throughout the growing season.
List garden chores to do each month; with a garden map and a garden calendar, you will find it easier to carry out the various jobs on time. See University of Georgia Cooperative Circular 943, “Vegetable Garden Calendar,” for more information.
Make new plantings in July, August and September to enjoy fresh vegetables well into the autumn months. Autumn-grown vegetables are usually of very high quality. If you water as needed, use pesticides correctly and fertilize according to label recommendations, you will be rewarded with tender vegetables in a season when few people enjoy such delicacies.
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The equipment you need depends largely on the size of your garden. If you have a small garden of a few hundred square meters, a hoe, an iron rake, a spade fork, a round nose spade and a spray applicator may be all you need. In larger gardens, you may need additional tools such as a wheel cultivator, a garden tractor or a tiller. Make sure all your equipment, especially sprayers and vacuums, is reliable and in good working order.
You will also need several stakes and string or rope to mark rows. For watering, you need a garden hose and sprinkler, or even better, drip hoses or soaker hoses, which are more efficient.
For each vegetable you plant, write down the name of each variety, the seed source, the lot number (if available), the planting date, and the harvest date. Also write down your assessment of the crop. Keep track of chemicals used, fertilizer analyzes and anything of personal interest. All of these notes will help you plan next year’s garden a little more efficiently.
Numerous varieties of vegetables are available, and new and better varieties are constantly being developed. Choosing the right variant for your individual situation can be confusing. Gardeners are encouraged to stick to proven recommended varieties for larger plantings. Try new varieties on a small scale to determine their value. They may or may not prove to be superior to the older variants. Things to consider when choosing a variant include:
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Some varieties do well in either North or South Georgia, but not both. Others can do well in both areas. The microclimate (the “climate” in the immediate vicinity of the plant) can also influence the success of a particular variety.
The number of days from planting to ripening can vary considerably from one variety to another. Successive plantings of the same variety, or several varieties, with different maturity dates can be planted at once to extend the harvest season.
Some varieties are determinate, meaning they only produce one crop for harvest. Other varieties are indeterminate, meaning they can continue to produce over a period of time if the plants are well cared for and the fruit is harvested as it ripens.
Varieties vary greatly in taste, texture, shelf life and adaptability to canning and freezing. The final intended use may influence which variant you choose.
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Resistance to leaf and soil-borne diseases as well as nematodes is available in some varieties. Resistance is an important consideration where these problems are known to exist, or where it is not possible to implement correct preventive measures. A current list of recommended varieties is available from your county office (see also UGA Cooperative Circular 963, “Vegetable Gardening in Georgia”).
Buy seeds for your garden from a reputable dealer. As with other products, seed quality can vary between different seed houses. Make sure
the type, variety, germination percentage and test date are marked on each package. Cheap seeds can be a definite liability as they can cause garden failure due to poor germination, impure seeds or mixed varieties.
The best seed men usually offer good quality treated seeds and mark them according to the treatment given.
Do not save your own seed unless they are of a desired variety that is no longer available. Do not save seeds from hybrid plants.
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Note: Buy certified plants for your garden. Always examine the roots for the presence of small nodules or galls, which indicate root-knot nematodes. Discard any infected, weak or damaged plants.
Plan your garden in the winter months and place your seed order early so there are no delays in getting the seed you want. Many times the newer, more popular varieties are completely sold out and you may have to settle for alternative choices.
Growing your own plants helps to ensure healthy, disease-free plants of the desired variety when you need them, but it is often difficult to get a good condition of delicate plants from seed. You can increase earliness, save space and extend the growing season for many crops by setting out plants instead of sowing the seed directly in the garden. Seeds sown indoors in boxes, in hearths or in cold frames will produce very good plants early in the season. If the seed is sown in a small container, the seedlings can be transplanted into peat pots, planters or other suitable containers and grown in these until they are transplanted into the garden. Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, early cabbage,
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